Why Bitcoin ETFs May Outperform Gold ETFs in the Long Run

Gold and bitcoin are often compared as alternative assets that can hedge against inflation, currency devaluation, and geopolitical risks. Both have limited supply, global demand, and no central authority. Both have also attracted the attention of investors who seek to diversify their portfolios and gain exposure to the potential upside of these assets.

However, gold and bitcoin are not the same. Gold has a long history of being used as a store of value and a medium of exchange, while bitcoin is a relatively new invention that relies on cryptography and blockchain technology. Gold is tangible and physical, while Bitcoin is digital and virtual. Gold is widely accepted and regulated, while bitcoin is still controversial and volatile.

These differences have implications for the performance and prospects of gold and bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which are investment vehicles that track the prices of these assets and allow investors to buy and sell them on stock exchanges. Gold ETFs have been around since 2003, and have grown to more than a $200 billion industry in 2023, with SPDR Gold Shares (NYSE: GLD ) being one of the largest. Bitcoin ETFs, on the other hand, have only been approved and launched in the U.S. in January 2024, after years of rejections and delays by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). As of January 13, 2024, there are 19 bitcoin ETFs trading, with ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) being the first and the largest fund.

In this article, I will argue that bitcoin ETFs may outperform gold ETFs in the long run, based on the following reasons:

• Bitcoin has a higher growth potential and scarcity than gold
• Bitcoin ETFs have lower fees and higher returns than gold ETFs
• Bitcoin ETFs have more innovation and diversification than gold ETFs

Bitcoin has a higher growth potential and scarcity than gold

One of the main drivers of the value of gold and bitcoin is their scarcity, which means that their supply is limited and cannot be easily increased. Gold has a finite amount of 190,040 metric tons that can be mined from the earth, of which about 80% has already been extracted. Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 million coins, of which about 19 million have already been mined. However, the rate of new supply of gold and bitcoin is not the same. Gold production has been declining in recent years, due to the depletion of reserves, the rising costs of mining, and the environmental and social impacts of the industry. Bitcoin production, on the other hand, is predetermined by an algorithm that halves the reward for miners every four years, until the last bitcoin is mined around 2140. This means that the annual inflation rate of gold is around 1.5%, while the annual inflation rate of bitcoin is around 1.8% and will drop to zero in the future.

This difference in supply dynamics has implications for the demand and price of gold and bitcoin. Gold demand is mainly driven by jewellery, investment, and central bank purchases, which are influenced by factors such as income, wealth, interest rates, inflation, and geopolitical events. Bitcoin demand is mainly driven by speculation, adoption, and innovation, which are influenced by factors such as technology, regulation, network effects, and social sentiment. While both gold and bitcoin have seen increased demand in recent years, due to the global economic and health crisis, the stimulus measures, and the low interest rates, bitcoin has shown faster and stronger growth than gold, due to its novelty, accessibility, and potential. According to the World Gold Council, the annual average gold price rose from $1,481 per ounce in 2019 to $1,769 per ounce in 2020, and then to $1,794 per ounce in 2021, representing a cumulative increase of 21.1%. While data on CoinMarketCap shows that the annual average bitcoin price rose from $7,344 per coin in 2019 to $11,449 per coin in 2020, and then to $46,788 per coin in 2021, representing a cumulative increase of 537.1%.

These trends suggest that bitcoin has a higher growth potential and scarcity than gold, which could translate into higher returns for bitcoin ETFs than gold ETFs in the long run. While gold has a more established and stable market, bitcoin has a more disruptive and dynamic market, which could offer more opportunities and rewards for investors who are willing to take more risks and embrace more changes.

Bitcoin ETFs have lower fees and higher returns than gold ETFs

Another factor that affects the performance of gold and bitcoin ETFs is their fees and returns, which reflect their costs and benefits. Fees are the expenses that investors pay to the fund managers for managing and operating the ETFs, which reduce the net returns that investors receive from the ETFs. Returns are the profits or losses that investors earn or incur from the ETFs, which depend on the price movements of the underlying assets and the dividends or distributions that the ETFs payout.

Generally speaking, bitcoin ETFs have lower fees and higher returns than gold ETFs, which could make them more attractive and profitable for investors. Based ETF Database, the average expense ratio of the 10 gold ETFs trading in the U.S. is 0.42%, while the average expense ratio of the 17 bitcoin ETFs trading in the U.S. is 0.33%. This means that bitcoin ETFs charge less fees than gold ETFs for providing the same service of tracking the prices of the assets. Moreover, according to ETF.com, the average year-to-date return of the 10 gold ETFs trading in the U.S. is -0.76%, while the average year-to-date return of the 17 bitcoin ETFs trading in the U.S. is 7.54%. Again, this means that bitcoin ETFs have generated more profits than gold ETFs for the same period.

These differences in fees and returns can have a significant impact on the long-term performance and compounding of gold and bitcoin ETFs. For example, assuming an initial investment of $10,000 and an annualized return of 7% for both gold and bitcoin ETFs, but a difference of 0.1% in expense ratio, the gold ETF with a 0.4% expense ratio would grow to $38,696 after 20 years, while the bitcoin ETF with a 0.3% expense ratio would grow to $39,346 after 20 years, representing a difference of $650 or 1.7%. This gap would widen even more if the difference in expense ratio or the difference in return is larger.

Therefore, bitcoin ETFs have lower fees and higher returns than gold ETFs, which could make them more attractive and profitable for investors in the long run. While gold ETFs have lower volatility and risk than bitcoin ETFs, bitcoin ETFs have lower costs and higher rewards than gold ETFs, which could outweigh the trade-offs for investors who have a longer time horizon and a higher risk tolerance.

Bitcoin ETFs have more innovation and diversification than gold ETFs

A third factor that affects the performance and prospects of gold and bitcoin ETFs is their innovation and diversification, which reflect their variety and quality. Innovation is the process of creating and introducing new products and services that meet the needs and preferences of customers and markets. Diversification is the strategy of investing in different types of assets and sectors that have low or negative correlation with each other, which can reduce the overall risk and volatility of a portfolio.

Generally speaking, bitcoin ETFs have more innovation and diversification than gold ETFs, which could make them more competitive and resilient for investors. While doing research, I spoke to a gold ETF analyst last week and he based on his point of view and shared the following with me. The gold ETFs trading in the U.S. have only two types of strategies: physical gold ETFs, which hold gold bullion in vaults, and gold miner ETFs, which invest in stocks of companies that mine and produce gold. These ETFs have similar characteristics and performance and are highly correlated with each other and with the gold price. The average correlation coefficient of the gold ETFs trading in the U.S. is 0.94, which means that they move almost in the same direction and magnitude.

On the other hand, the bitcoin ETFs trading in the U.S. have four types of strategies: spot bitcoin ETFs, which hold bitcoin directly in custody, futures bitcoin ETFs, which invest in bitcoin futures contracts, short bitcoin ETFs, which bet against the decline of bitcoin futures, and blockchain and bitcoin ETFs, which invest in stocks of companies and other ETFs with exposure to cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. These ETFs have different characteristics and performance and are less correlated with each other and with the bitcoin price. The average correlation coefficient of the bitcoin ETFs trading in the U.S. is 0.77, which means that they move somewhat in the same direction and magnitude, but not always.

These differences in innovation and diversification can have a significant impact on the long-term performance and stability of gold and bitcoin ETFs.

Bitcoin ETFs have more innovation and diversification than gold ETFs, which could make them more competitive and resilient for investors. For example, spot bitcoin ETFs, such as BlackRock (NYSE: BLK ) Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTCR) and VanEck Bitcoin Trust (XBTF), offer the most direct and simple way to invest in bitcoin, as they track the spot price of bitcoin and hold bitcoin in custody with qualified custodians, such as Fidelity Digital Assets and Coinbase (NASDAQ: COIN ) Custody. Futures bitcoin ETFs, such as ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) and Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTF), offer a more indirect and complex way to invest in bitcoin, as they track the futures price of bitcoin and invest in bitcoin futures contracts traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), which are cash-settled and do not involve the delivery of bitcoin. Short bitcoin ETFs, such as Simplify Short Bitcoin Strategy ETF (SBTC) and Direxion Daily Bitcoin Bear 1X Shares (BITD), offer a way to profit from the decline of bitcoin, as they track the inverse of the futures price of bitcoin and invest in short positions of bitcoin futures contracts traded on the CME. Blockchain and bitcoin ETFs, such as Amplify Transformational Data Sharing ETF (BLOK) and Bitwise Crypto Industry Innovators ETF (BITQ), offer a way to invest in the broader cryptocurrency and blockchain industry, as they invest in stocks of companies and other ETFs with exposure to cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, such as Coinbase, MicroStrategy, and Grayscale Bitcoin Trust.

These different types of bitcoin ETFs offer different advantages and disadvantages for investors, depending on their risk appetite, return expectation, and investment objective. For instance, spot bitcoin ETFs have the lowest tracking error and the highest correlation with the bitcoin price, but they also have the highest fees and the highest regulatory uncertainty, as they are subject to the PSA requirements and the potential actions of the SEC. Futures bitcoin ETFs have lower fees and lower regulatory uncertainty, as they are subject to the SFA requirements and the existing rules of the CME, but they also have higher tracking error and lower correlation with the bitcoin price, due to the futures premium, contango, and rollover costs. Short bitcoin ETFs have the potential to generate positive returns when the bitcoin price falls, but they also have the potential to incur unlimited losses when the bitcoin price rises, as well as high fees and high volatility. Blockchain and bitcoin ETFs have the potential to capture the growth and innovation of the cryptocurrency and blockchain industry, but they also have the potential to suffer from the volatility and risk of the stock market, as well as the diversification and dilution of their exposure to bitcoin.

Therefore, bitcoin ETFs have more innovation and diversification than gold ETFs, which could make them more competitive and resilient for investors. While gold ETFs have more simplicity and stability than bitcoin ETFs, bitcoin ETFs have more variety and quality than gold ETFs, which could offer more options and solutions for investors who have different needs and preferences.

Conclusion: Bitcoin ETFs may outperform gold ETFs in the long run

In conclusion, I believe that bitcoin ETFs may outperform gold ETFs in the long run.

While gold ETFs have their own merits and advantages, such as lower volatility, lower risk, and lower correlation with other assets, I think that bitcoin ETFs have more merits and advantages, such as higher growth, higher reward, and higher innovation, which could outweigh the trade-offs for investors who have a longer time horizon and a higher risk tolerance.

I think that bitcoin ETFs are not only a viable alternative to gold ETFs but also a superior one, as they offer more value and opportunity for investors who seek to diversify their portfolios and gain exposure to the potential upside of digital gold.