Rabi Sowing 2024: Wheat and Pulses Shine While Mustard Struggles

Published 10-12-2024, 05:04 pm
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As winter grips the country, India’s fields are buzzing with activity, marking a promising start to the rabi cropping season. With sowing now exceeding 493 lakh hectares, the stage is set for yet another dynamic agricultural cycle. Farmers, driven by firm market prices for wheat and pulses, have expanded acreage in these crops, while oilseeds like mustard seem to have taken a backseat. Here's a closer look at the trends shaping this season's rabi sowing.

The Big Picture: Growth in Sowing Area
This season, the total rabi acreage has grown by 1.5% year-on-year (YoY). Over two-thirds of the sowing is already complete, with standout performers like wheat and gram (chana) leading the charge. Let’s explore the heroes and challenges of this season.


Wheat: The King of Rabi Crops
India’s favorite winter crop, wheat, continues to command the lion’s share of the rabi acreage.

  • Area sown: 239.49 lakh hectares (+2.3% YoY).
  • Why the surge? Stable prices, strong demand, and government support have encouraged farmers to invest heavily in wheat cultivation.
    With over 76% of the expected area already covered, wheat sowing is progressing at a brisk pace.


Pulses: The Protein Powerhouse Takes the Lead
Pulses are making waves with a robust 4.3% increase in acreagethis season.

  • Total (EPA:TTEF) area sown: 120.65 lakh hectares.
  • Star performer: Gram (chana), covering 86.09 lakh hectares (+7.1% YoY), leads the charge as farmers respond to consistently high market prices.


Other pulses like lentil (14.75 lakh hectares, +1.7%) and fieldpea (8.09 lakh hectares, -0.6%) are holding steady, though crops like moongbean and urdbean have seen significant declines.

Shri Anna & Coarse Cereals: Steady Progress
The revival of interest in traditional coarse grains, termed Shri Anna, continues with a 2% increase in sowing.

  • Jowar: 19.38 lakh hectares (+5.8%).
  • Maize: 10.07 lakh hectares (+0.2%).
  • Barley: 5.65 lakh hectares (-8.0%).


Efforts to promote small millets and other nutritious grains are bearing fruit, with more farmers diversifying their cropping patterns.

Oilseeds: The Struggle with Prices
Amid the optimism in other sectors, oilseeds have hit a rough patch.

  • Total area sown: 86.52 lakh hectares (-4.3% YoY).
  • Rapeseed & Mustard, the backbone of rabi oilseed production, has seen a decline to 81.07 lakh hectares (-4.3%), weighed down by unfavorable weather conditions during the initial sowing period coupled with farmers willingness to switch to better remunerative crops like wheat and chickpeas.
    Other oilseeds like safflower (+6.1%) and sunflower (+28.6%) have shown some promise, though their contribution remains small.


What’s Driving These Trends?

  1. Market Prices: Firm prices for wheat and pulses, especially chana, have drawn farmers toward these crops. In contrast, the slump in mustard prices has discouraged its cultivation.
  2. Government Policies: Supportive initiatives like Minimum Support Prices (MSP) and procurement programs have provided a safety net, especially for wheat and pulses.

The Road Ahead As the rabi season unfolds, the focus will be on maintaining momentum in wheat and pulses while addressing the challenges in oilseed sowing. Here's what we can expect:

  • Higher Wheat Output: With strong acreage, wheat production is likely to surpass last year’s levels, ensuring adequate availability for domestic consumption and exports.
  • Pulses in Demand: A bumper pulse crop could stabilize prices, benefiting both consumers and farmers.
  • Oilseeds Recovery? Government intervention may be needed to boost mustard prices and support sowing in the coming weeks.


Conclusion: A Season of Mixed Fortunes This year’s rabi sowing reflects the dynamism of Indian agriculture. While crops like wheat and pulses bask in the glow of farmer confidence, oilseeds remain a concern. As the season progresses, the collective efforts of farmers, policymakers, and the market will determine whether this season turns out to be as golden as the wheat fields ripening in the winter sun.

Stay tuned for more updates as we follow the journey of India’s rabi crops from sowing to harvest!

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